Phoneme is a basic of
language phonology which is combined with other form meaningful units such as
words or morphemes. It’s the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word
from another. Since sounds cannot be written, we use letters to represent or
stand for the sounds For example: /m/
for mat
/b/ for bat
Part of Phoneme
Organ of Speech
Example of Phoneme in English and
Indonesian
|
No.
|
Kind of
Phoneme
|
Example in
English
|
Example in
Indonesian
|
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|
1.
|
Continuant
|
Vowels Front
|
/i/
|
: it,wish,rib,rip.
|
Sisir,kursi
|
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|
/l/
|
: Let,pullet.
|
Singlet,lele
|
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|
/e/
|
: End,pet,fell
|
Evolusi,elang
|
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|
Vowels Mid
|
/R/
|
: Raw,red,try
|
Gerigi,rimbun,rusak
|
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|
/x/
|
: fox
|
-
|
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|
/A/
|
: but,crush,cup
|
Dimana,kapan
|
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|
Vowels back
|
/u/
|
: put,cuba
|
Kurus,lurus
|
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|
/o/
|
: octopus,okay
|
Lorong,makro
|
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|
/a/
|
: apple,aisle,sat
|
Kerupuk
|
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|
Consonant
-Fricatives
Voiced
|
/d/
|
: dill,lid,older
|
Damai,dakwah
|
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|
/z/
|
: zoo,fuzzy,dizzy
|
Zebra,zabur
|
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|
-Fricatives
Unvoiced
|
/f/
|
: fun,muff,iffy
|
Fabel,firma,fajar
|
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|
/s/
|
: pass,first
|
Kamus,lusa
|
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|
Whisper
|
/h/
|
: hit,how,where
|
Hantu,hijab
|
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|
Affricates
|
/J/
|
: jet,budget
|
Jalan,jumpa
|
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|
Nasals
|
/m/
|
: me,rum,timer
|
Musik,music
|
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|
/n/
|
: no,funny
|
Nakal,nikmat
|
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|
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|
2.
|
Non-continuant
|
dithong
|
/ai/
|
: Try,I,High
|
Cintai,melerai
|
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|
/ei/
|
: Mey,day,they
|
Mei
|
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|
/oi/
|
: boy,coy
|
Koboi,oi!
|
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|
/aU/
|
: How,now,snow
|
Walaupun,kalau
|
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|
/ou/
|
: window,blow
|
-
|
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|
Semi-vowel
-liquid
|
/r/
|
: run,pert,north
|
Perumahan,anggaran
|
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|
-glides
|
/y/
|
: yet,young
|
Saya,
dirinya
|
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|
/w/
|
: win,wash
|
Wartawan
|
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|
Plaves
-voiced
|
/b/
|
: Boy,brush
|
Berubah,butuh
|
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|
/d/
|
: dill,
down
|
Damai,dengan
|
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|
/g/
|
: get,
|
Gulai,gurindam
|
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|
-unvoiced
|
/p/
|
: pet,pro,pass
|
Pantai
|
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|
|
/t/
|
: the,then
|
Tempat,tendang
|
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|
|
/k/
|
: cake,check
|
Kuliah,kerja
|
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